Facts about the ACT Test and Reasons to Take It

Realities about the ACT Test and Reasons to Take It What Is the ACT Test? The ACT test, began by the American College Testing Program (consequently the abbreviation), is a normalized pencil-and-paper test utilized as a school selection test. Universities and colleges utilize your ACT score, alongside your GPA, extracurricular exercises, and secondary school contribution to decide whether they’d like you to elegance their grounds as a green bean. You can't step through the exam in excess of multiple times, despite the fact that there are special cases to this rule.â Why Take the ACT Test? Cash, cash, cash. Broke as a joke? The ACT test can accumulate you some genuine coin for your preferred school on the off chance that you can procure a great score. What's more, by great, I don't mean a 21.Your scores chase after you. I’m dead serious. At the point when you go after your first passage level position, your ACT score will be on your resume, in light of the fact that honestly, your pizza conveyance gig can’t feature your thinking capacity like a 33 on the ACT can.It can help balance a low GPA. So perhaps you abhorred World History, failed it deliberately, and destroyed that 4.0. That doesn’t mean you dont can do well in school. Scoring high on the ACT can show you off when your GPA doesn’t. Its regularly favored over the SAT: Since the ACT is a school entrance test like the SAT, it very well may be utilized in its place. Which would it be advisable for you to take? What’s On the ACT Test? Never dread. You’ll not be required to revise the whole intermittent table of components, in spite of the fact that Science is one of the subjects you’ll see. This test, albeit long, (3 hours and 45 minutes) essentially quantifies thinking and the stuff you learned in secondary school. Here’s the breakdown: ACT Test Sections How Does the ACT Test Scoring Work? You may have heard past understudies from your school gloating about their 34s on the ACT. Furthermore, on the off chance that you did, at that point you should be dazzled with their test-taking abilities since that is a high score! Your general score and every individual various decision test score (English, Mathematics, Reading, Science) extend from 1 (low) to 36 (high). The general score is the normal of your four grades, adjusted to the closest number. Portions short of what one-half are adjusted down; divisions one-half or higher are gathered together. Along these lines, in the event that you get a 23 in English, a 32 in Math, a 21 in Reading, and a 25 in Science, your general score would be a 25. That’s truly great, considering the national normal is directly around a 20. The Enhanced ACT Essay, which is discretionary, is scored independently and much differently.â How Might You Prepare For This ACT Test? Don’t alarm. That was a ton of data to process at the same time. You can really plan for the ACT and get a boast commendable score on the off chance that you pick one of the choices referenced the accompanying connection (or every one of them if you’re the hard worker type). 5 Ways to Prepare for the ACT Test

ADHD (spanish!!!) essays

ADHD (spanish!!!) papers Las diferencias en ni ocurre alrededor de ellos. Entonces roughage otros dã ­as cuando estos ni Esto puede plantear un problema para los jvenes afectados mientras que conduce otros a pensar que los nicilmente estos comportamientos. ADHD no discrimina. De hecho con la agitacin constante en sus vidas, estos nitnica y los fondos culturales de los nin de este desorden y sus comportamientos. Asã ­ como tambin afecta cualquier opcin del tratamiento que pudiera ser buscada, porqu todos los nin y del tratamiento disponible en sociedad de hoy. Los nin psiquitrica crnica llamada desorden de la hiperactividad del dficit de atencin, conocida como ADHD. Las estimaciones sugieren que este desorden est afectando el 3% an el 5% de los ni haciendo a casi 5 millones de nirmino de lujo para lo que llamarã ­an los padres a los nin, reconocida en aficit de la atencin, disfuncin mã ­nima del cerebro, dan mdica seria, que se piensa que es causada por niveles... <!

Whats happening at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Whats happening at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Every week SIPA hosts thought provoking lectures and discussions on campus.   Below is a snapshot of next weeks events; topics include gender equality, media, security, and post-colonialism. For details and a full list of events happening at SIPA , please visit our website. MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 2013 Borders and Security in Israeli Diplomacy 12:15 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Lecture with Ambassador Dore Gold, former Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations. Moderated by Dr. Stephanie Neuman, Director, Comparative Studies Program Member, the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 2013 Women and Media: Gender Equality 7:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. Discussion with Vuslat Dogan Sabanci,CEO of Hurriyet Newspaper Publishing Company in Turkey. Sponsor: Middle East Institute, Columbia Global Centers Turkey, and Columbia Turkish Students MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 2013 Building Peace in Colombia: The Governments Efforts in the Demobilization and Reintegration of Illegal Armed Groups 7:00 p.m. 8:30 p.m. Lecture with Alejandro Eder, Director, Columbian Agency for Reintegration and SIPA Class of 2006 and Professor José Antonio Ocampo, Director, Economic and Political Development Concentration, Columbia SIPA. Confirmation of attendance suggested: Please send an e-mail to Carolina Ocampo-Maya by Friday January 26, 2013 at co2296@columbia.edu. Write “interested in event” on the subject and include your full name. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies TUESDAY, JANUARY 29, 2013 Overkill: The Case for Reevaluating U.S. Nuclear Strategy 4:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. Lecture with Christopher Preble and Benjamin Friedman, CATO Institute. Moderated by Dr. Richard Betts, Director, the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30, 2013 Second in Command: A Conversation with UN Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson on Global Politics, Leadership, and His Role at the Top of the United Nations 6:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. Join Professor Elisabeth Lindenmayer and Deputy-Secretary General Jan Eliasson for a discussion on the current geopolitical climate, challenges faced by the United Nations, and Eliassons lifetime of responsibilities. Sponsor: SIPA, UN Studies Program THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 2013 Political Protests in Russia: New Perspectives and Unexpected Findings 5:30 p.m. 8:00 p.m. Panel discussion with Graeme B. Robertson, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Regina Smyth, Indiana University; and Mark R. Beissinger, Princeton University. Sponsor: Harriman Institute THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 2013 The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence 6:00 p.m. 7:30 p.m. José Antonio Ocampo will discuss his new book, written with Luis Bértola. Sponsor: Economic and Political Development Concentration FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 01, 2013 New Media in Education 2013 Conference 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. This free, one-day event sponsored by the Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning will bring together the Columbia community and colleagues in higher education technology for dialogue around technology in education and academic life. Speakers from Columbia and beyond will address critical issues affecting education and technology today, such as online learning, digital publishing, and social media. Subtitled Bits to Breakthroughs,  the 2013 conference will focus on how new media can enhance educational initiatives for meaningful local and global impact. To register, visit nme2013.eventbrite.com Sponsor: Center for New Media Teaching and Learning

How to Disinfect Rainwater for Drinking

You can usually drink rain straight from the sky, but if youre collecting and storing it, youll want to disinfect rainwater for drinking and cleaning. Fortunately, there are simple disinfection methods to use, whether you have power or not. This is handy information to know in case youre stuck after a storm without water or youre out camping. The same techniques can be used to prepare snow for drinking, too. Quick Methods to Disinfect Water Boiling - Reduce pathogens by boiling water for 1 minute at a rolling boil or 3 minutes if youre at an altitude greater than 2,000 meters (6,562 feet). The longer boiling time at high altitude is because water boils at a lower temperature. The recommended duration comes from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). If you store freshly boiled water in sterile containers (which can be boiled) and seal them, the water will remain safe indefinitely. Bleach - For disinfection, add 2.3 fluid ounces of household bleach (sodium hypochlorite in water)  per 1,000 gallons of water (in other words, for a small volume of water, a splash of bleach is  more than sufficient). Allow 30 minutes for the chemicals to react.  It may seem obvious, but use unscented bleach since the scented sort includes perfumes and other undesirable chemicals.  Bleach dosage is not a hard-and-fast rule because its effectiveness depends on the temperature of the water and pH. Also, be aware that bleach may react with chemicals in the water to produce toxic gases (mostly a concern with turbid or cloudy water). Its not ideal to add bleach to water and immediately seal it in containers — its better to wait for any fumes to dissipate. Although drinking straight bleach is dangerous, the small concentration used to disinfect water isnt likely to cause problems.  Bleach dissipates within 24 hours.   Why Would You Disinfect Rainwater? The point of disinfection is to remove disease-causing microbes, which include bacteria, algae, and fungi. Rain generally doesnt contain any more microbes than any other drinking water (its often cleaner than groundwater or surface water), so its usually fine to drink or use for other purposes. If the water falls into a clean cistern or bucket, its still fine. In fact, most people who collect rainwater use it without applying any treatment. Microbial contamination of rain is less of a threat than toxins that might be in the water from surfaces it touched. However, those toxins require filtration or special treatment. What were talking about here is pure rain. Technically, you dont have to disinfect it, but most public agencies recommend taking the extra precaution to prevent illness. Ways to Disinfect Water There are four broad categories of disinfection methods: heat, filtration, irradiation, and chemical methods. Boiling water is an excellent method, but obviously, it only helps if you have a heat source. Boiling water can kill some pathogens, but it does not remove heavy metals, nitrate, pesticides, or other chemical contamination.Chlorine, iodine, and ozone are most often used for chemical disinfection. Chlorination can leave potentially toxic by-products, plus it doesnt kill all cysts or viruses. Iodination is effective, but leaves an unpleasant taste. Use of iodine is not recommended when preparing water for pregnant women or people with thyroid problems.  Adding ozone is effective, but not widely available.Irradiation is accomplished using an ultraviolet light or exposure to strong sunlight. UV light kills bacteria and viruses, but doesnt kill all the algae or cysts of pathogenic organisms. Sunlight is effective if the water is sufficiently clear, the light is bright enough, and the water is exposed to light long enough. There are too many variables to give firm recommendations on use of this method.Microfiltration effectiveness depends on the pore size of the filter. The smaller the pore size, the better the filtration, but its also slower. This technique removes all pathogens. Other techniques are becoming more widespread, including electrolysis, nano-alumina filtration, and LED irradiation.

International Economics The Standard Trade Model

International Economics THE STANDARD TRADE MODEL The standard trade model is a model that does not rely solely and strongly on the supply side knowledge of an economy. In a distinct way, Specific factor model, the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the Ricardian model, are special cases of the Standard trade model †¢ Two goods: food represented by F and cloth represented by C †¢ Technology: production possibility frontier is bowed-out †¢ Relative price: such that PC/PF †¢ There is efficient level of production: one maximizes the output value given market prices: for example PF QF+ PC QC †¢ The Isovalue line: is the line such the value V as an output is constant: V = PF QF+ PC QC QF = V/ PF – (PC / PF) QC †¢ if we let DC and DF be consumption; then the economy’s consumption value is equal to the value of its production: V = PF QF +PC QC = PF DF + PC DC Efficiency in the level of consumption: the economy’s welfare is maximized by the one on the isovalue line. The economy exports one of the goods, and imports the other when the efficient level of consumption does not coincide with the efficient level of production. Assumptions âž ¢ There is an identical homothetic preference; that is exact aggregation possible. âž ¢ The Country s demands can be found using same indifference curves as â€Å"social ICs† âž ¢ A perfectly competitive market was assumed. Two countries, Home and Foreign are involved. âž ¢ Only two goods can be traded hence a bowed-out production possibility frontier. âž ¢ There is a constantShow MoreRelatedThe Gravity Model of Trade: Do Size and Distance Matter for the Exports of Japan?998 Words   |  4 PagesTHE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 1 Assignment 1: The Gravity Model Of Trade: Do Size And Distance Matter For The Exports Of Japan? THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE 2 Abstract In the field of international economics, the gravity model for trade reveals that bilateral trade is directly proportional with the extent of the economy (usually expressed in GDP) and inversely proportional with the geographical distance between the analysed entities. The present report illustrates the model for the caseRead MoreInternational Factors and Multinational Corporations1724 Words   |  7 PagesRegional Trade Agreements and Global trade liberalization are common terms that are used to analyze different market structures in the market. According to international economics, RTAs (Regional Trading Agreements) are the agreements in which members give each another privileged treatment with respect to the extent by which the trade barriers have been established. On the other side, Global Trade liberalization is a general term referring to the depletion of trade boundaries globally to ensure freeRead MoreWhy Is Global Trade?837 Words   |  4 PagesWhy we trade The principal purpose of global trade is and always will be to capitalize on the gains from international trading for each party involved. The global trade models below each have one thing in common; each has attempted to examine trade patterns while suggesting methods in an attempt to take full advantage of the gains from trade. 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Green barriers become a kind of emerging non-tariff barrier which is used for the developed countries to protect their production and ec onomic development in recent yearsRead Morehehe1372 Words   |  6 PagesEinfà ¼hrung International Trade Ningbo University BA International Trade Economy Winter Semester 2013 / 2014 Dr. Thomas Schuster Guest Professor Useful Information Office hour: After the lecture or at any other time upon appointment E-Mail: drth.schuster@web.de Assistent †¢ Fu Suying †¢ fusuying@nbu.edu.cn †¢ Phone: 13566627298 Classes: †¢ Tuesday 8.00-9.35 a.m. every week †¢ Thursday 8.00-9.35 a.m. every even week Dr. Thomas Schuster Ningbo University International Trade Read MoreTrade Is The Exchange Of Good And Services Between Two Countries1458 Words   |  6 PagesTrade is the exchange of good and services between two countries. When circumstances of the countries are right, trade can bring out the benefits to all of the countries involved. It is also a powerful driver for sustainable growth and rising living standards. International trade has the potential of benefiting participating countries through specialisation, lower prices and greater competition of local producers. Many countries have seen a growing share of their GDP directly linked to overseas tradeRead MoreTheoretical Justification Of The Gravity Model1583 Words   |  7 Pagesof the gravity model Theoretical concept of the model presents a stronger foundation using rough indicators, which plays a crucial role in integrating a huge number of countries while sampling. Moreover, the concept presents numerous discrepancies in comparison with the ideal equation. There are factors responsible for jeopardizing the attempts of using the model for forecasting purposes (Anderson, Van National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001, 189). Generally, the gravity model is used in explaining

The Effects of Globalization on Public Relations Essay

Globalisation has resulted in public relation industries to struggle in cultivating culture in their practices as they are now constantly dealing with an intertwined global flow of people, technology, finance, ideas and images internationally (Appadurai, 1990) (Sriramesh, 2007). This has pushed them to sensitise the concept of public relations towards a more culturally inclined approach (Pal Dutta, 2008, 161). With its increased demand as a communicative tool to the public, the concept of public relations has shifted beyond its functional process which dominance the organisation’s interest to being a socio-cultural activity that positions public relation practitioners in the society (Edwards Hodges, 2011). Hence, public relations†¦show more content†¦As a carrier of traditions and transformations, understanding of culture is important as it is influential. Within this grey area, meaningful identities and relationships can be formed which is suggested as a necessity in public relations framework (Pal Dutta, 2008). Understanding culture also shapes a society to a certain extent (Hodges, 2006, 83). According to Wakefield (2010), culture has the ability in effecting the type of public relation activities carried out in a particular society or even country (Wakefield, 2010, 665). With this, public relations practitioners are commonly identified as â€Å"cultural agents† for their need to monitor the societal and cultural progressions in a society, community or country (Banks, 2000, 3). As a result of this shift, public relation practices are more interactive instead of passive. It looks beyond the functional process as they are now engaging with a more diverse audience. With the knowledge of anthropology, it enables practitioners to be more aware and attuned to the different cultural practices and values associated with a specific country. From here, practitioners would gain the advantage of foreseeing the organisation’s culture traits and practices. This will enable them to plan the public relation activity that best suits the organisation. For instance in Brazil, it is expected for ladies to have well-manicured nails for businessShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And The Speed Of Globalization1726 Words   |  7 PagesThere has been acceleration in the speed of globalization in current years. Its scope has too widened past the realm of economies to involve the domains of cultural, political and social practices and norms. This powerful shove has been connected with far-reaching cost for economic well-being, political processes and social structures in countries across the world. The diverse parts of the entire world have actually become so co-dependent in so many respects that it is not possible any longer toRead MoreHow Globalization Affects Developing Countries?1504 Words   |  7 PagesHow Globalization Affects Developed Countries The phenomenon of globalization began in a primitive form when humans first settled into different areas of the world; however, it has shown a rather steady and rapid progress in the recent times and has become an international dynamic which, due to technological advancements, has increased in speed and scale, so that countries in all five continents have been affected and engaged. What Is Globalization? Globalization is defined as a process which, basedRead MoreThe Politics Of The Global Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical economy happens and an understanding of globalization. Globalization is frequently analyzed independently and the author shows how globalization plays out in two multi-cultural democracies; India and USA. 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Second, international communication has always been affected and managed by propagandaRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Socio Economy1701 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization and its Impact on Socio-Economy in India Dr. Mahendra Singh Associate Professor Department of Sociology Madhav University, Pindwara (Rajasthan) Abstract: Globalization was adopted by Indian Government during 1990-91 when Indian Economy was in a very bad shape. It was, however, adopted not as a solution to deteriorating Indian economy but to enable itself to get further foreign exchange loans from World Bank as its foreign exchange reserves were reduced to mere 3 weeks outflow. ToRead MoreNike Positive And Negative Effects Of Globalization1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Promises and Perils of the Globalization of Nike Globalization involves global interaction and cooperation between individuals, corporations, countries and their governments. 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Globalization came in the form of economic, social, and political pressure on the country. Some of these shifts in policy and world view were brought on by necessity such as the energy crisis of the 1970’s. Others were by choice of policymakers such as Cold War foreign relations and the response to 9/11 and invasion of Iraq. The United States will continue to face global challenges as a worldRead MoreCapitalism, Globalization and the Perpetuation of Women’s Oppression: a Vicious Cycle1138 Words   |  5 PagesCAPITALISM, GLOBALIZATION AND THE PERPETUATION OF WOMENS OPPRESSION: A VICIOUS CYCLE By Kelsey Lavoie NDYA, Provincial Youth Liason According to the World Bank, women make up 70% of the world’s poor and their wages world wide are on average 50% to 80% of men’s. One third of all households word wide are headed by women, they are responsible for half the world’s food production, and yet they own just one per cent of the world’s property. The majority of workers in sweatshops are women and the

Crystal Pepsi free essay sample

Pepsi detected what it considered to be a gap in the market. What the world was waiting for, the company decided, was a clear cola. After all, there were already a wide variety of diet colas, cherry colas, sugar free colas, caffeine free colas, colas with added caffeine and all of these had achieved a certain level of success. So, why not a clear cola? After months of tests and experiments, the company managed to obtain a new and clear formula and decided to call it â€Å"Pepsi Crystal†. They also manufactured a diet version: Diet Crystal Pepsi. Both products, Pepsi believed, answered the â€Å"new demand for purity† of the consumer. After all, it was a time when consumers were starting to decide between a bottle of Evian or Perrier with the same frequency as they were deciding between Coke and Pepsi. The only problem was that people expected that a product with the word â€Å"Pepsi† in its name would have the taste of – Pepsi! In fact, no one seemed to know what it tasted of! After a little more than a year, Pepsi stopped production of Crystal Pepsi and started working on a new, clearer formula. We will write a custom essay sample on Crystal Pepsi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1994, the remade product appeared on the shop shelves with the simple name Crystal and only made in the normal version. However, the negative perceptions continued and the second version of Crystal was even worse than its unpopular predecessor. Pepsi finally admitted defeat and completely eliminated the concept of clear cola. But as it never wanted to give in completely, it continued to be aware of the â€Å"demand for purity of the new consumer†. In 1994, the same year that it had launched Crystal, Pepsi decided that it wanted a part of the growing market of bottle water. So, it launched its own bottled water product, called Aguafina, which had considerably better success than Crystal in the American market. In addition, had more general marketing problems over the years. In particular, it had problems differentiating itself from Coca Cola. As it wasn? t the first to commercialise the category of cola, Pepsi was never going to be the generic name. It was very rare that people said â€Å"I? m going to have a Pepsi†. Even if they had a bottle of Pepsi in the fridge it was more likely that they said â€Å"I? m going to have a Coke†. However, in spite of the fact that this situation couldn? t be avoided for many years the Pepsi brand couldn? t manage to give the product a distinctive identity. In addition to this an important fact is that Pepsi infringed what Al and Laura Ries call â€Å"The Law of colour, one of its 22 Immutable Laws of Branding†, in the book of the same name. They say: â€Å"There is a very dominant logic in selecting a colour that is the opposite of your most important competitors .. Cola is a reddy-brown colour, so the logical colour for the brand is red. This is the reason that Coca Cola has been using red for more than 100 years. Pepsi-Cola made a bad choice. It chose red and blue as colours of the brand. The red to symbolise the cola and the blue to differentiate the brand from Coca-Cola. For years Pepsi has struggled with a less than ideal solution to the colour strategy of Coca-Cola. However, not long ago Pepsi sacrificed the colour red in favour of blue in order to create a distinction between the two leaders. Now Coca-Cola means red and Pepsi means blue.

Explaining the theories of play Essay Example

Explaining the theories of play Paper This paper explores how drama helps in the mental, societal, emotional and cognitive development in kids. By explicating the theories of drama, it besides explores how drama has changed over the old ages due to technological alterations and the cognitive, mental, societal emotional and societal alterations which take topographic point when kids play. Other facets of drama which are explored includes its part as an mercantile establishment for kids to cover with experiences in the environment. Play is so of import to a kid s development that it is promoted by the United Nations 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 31.1, which recognizes the right of the kid to rest and leisure, to prosecute in drama and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the kid and to take part freely in cultural life and the humanistic disciplines ( WHO, 1989 ) . Acknowledging that kids need clip to prosecute in self-driven drama is of kernel among parents, health professionals and pedagogues. Play promotes the cognitive, societal, emotional and physical development of the kid hence it should non be underestimated. Children besides develop and beef up accomplishments such as linguistic communication development, job resolution, negotiating, and sequencing accomplishments which will be used in farther acquisition ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Explaining the theories of play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Explaining the theories of play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Explaining the theories of play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The function of drama in kids development has been illustrated in assorted theoretical accounts and theories. For case, Jean Piaget s theoretical accounts of kid development and acquisition are based on the perceptual experience that when a kid grows, it develops knowledge constructions and mental images ( strategies ) or linked constructs to understand and react to physical conditions in the environment. This are necessitated through drama activities therefore harmonizing to Piaget, a kid s construction in knowledge develops from innate physiological reactions to complex mental activities ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Almon J. ( 2004 ) Piaget identifies four developmental phases which include Sensory motor where the kid at birth to two old ages builds constructs about how world works with the environing environment. At this phase, a kid does nt hold object permanency ( cognition that physical objects exist when non sighted ) . In the pre-occupational phase, the kid does nt gestate abstractly and needs physical fortunes which are concrete ( age of seven to 11 old ages ) . At two to seven old ages, the kid is in the concrete operational phase where he begins to gestate and explicate physical experiences by logical constructions and can besides prosecute in abstract job work outing. In the formal operations phase, knowledge constructions are adult like and embrace conceptual logical thinking. On the footing of the above phases hence, Piaget develops the cognitive theory of drama which outlines the cognitive rules of how knowledge can be built in kids ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Harmonizing to this theory, Repetition of experiences through drama necessitates assimilation in the kid s constructions of knowledge therefore the kid sustains a mental equilibrium. New or different experiences cause loss of equilibrium and alter the kid s cognitive construction to suit new conditions therefore more and more constructions of knowledge are erected. Formalized acquisition every bit good as linguistic communication development is enhanced in playing kids. Coolhan K. et Al. ( 2000 ) suggests that chances for larning unwritten communicating is presented to the kid and this early development of linguistic communication will subsequently be utile in reading and composing. In add-on, kids develop problem-solving accomplishments as they play. Some of the playing activities they engage in require critical thought accomplishments like edifice with blocks, playing with H2O and sand, making mystifiers, or building and planing their inventive drama country ( Huertwitz S. , 2002 ) . Free kid driven play will do a kid funny about his or her universe and this facilitates farther acquisition. Therefore harmonizing to Ginsburg K. ( 2001 ) , when allowed to prosecute countries of their ain involvement, kids are likely to develop a positive attitude towards larning. Harmonizing to Jean Piaget, Play creates an ambiance which is relaxed where larning can take topographic point easy. In add-on, Piaget suggests that drama is non similar to acquisition and for development in knowledge to happen, there has to be assimilation and version. He further refers to play as assimilation in the absence of adjustment. Jean Piaget outlines four types of drama viz. physical or centripetal motor drama where a kid engages in repeat of physical activity such as vacillation of the pess or back throwing of the caput for sheer enjoyment of making so. In symbolic drama, the kid has a mental representation of non present worlds. In this type of drama Piaget suggests that It is chiefly affectional struggles that appear in symbolic play.A If there is a scene at tiffin, for illustration, one can be certain that an hr or two afterward it will be recreated with dolls and will be brought to a happier solution.A If the kid has been frightened by a Canis familiaris, in a symbolic game things will be arranged so that Canis familiariss will no longer be average or kids will go brave ( Piaget, 1912 ) . Examples of types of drama which encompass Piaget s types include ; A A Games of pivots ( Construction ) which A A Involve larning by chance from symbolic drama. On this type of drama, Piaget suggested that they are ab initio imbued with drama symbolism but tend subsequently to represent echt versions or solutions to jobs and intelligent creative activities Piaget, 1962.A A Other games include Games holding arbitrary regulations, games affecting two or more participants, board games with regulations, athleticss and card games ( Prunus dulcis J. , 2004 ) Hurtwitz S. ( 2002 ) suggests that originative drama signifiers portion of originative activity in kids which enables them to show themselves openly and without judgement and its shown when familiar stuffs are used in an unusual manner particularly when kids engage in inventive drama and role-playing. Creativity nurtures a kid s emotional wellness and the experiences underwent during their first old ages of life can significantly develop their creativeness. It fosters mental development by supplying chances for seeking out new thoughts, ways of problem-solving and thought ( Singer et al. , 1996 ) . Children need to be provided with originative stuffs and experiences like drawing/painting, picture taking, music, field trips, working with wire, clay, paper, wood, H2O or shadows. Time is needed to research these stuffs on their ain in order to purse their thoughts. This involves clip to believe about how to be after, design, concept, experiment and revision undertaking thoughts. Assortm ents experiences like field trips, observing vacations and activities with other cultural groups and promoting kids to convey visitants to school leads to creativeness. Children should hold more personal experiences with people and state of affairss outside of their ain environment, in order to integrate them in their drama ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Piaget, drama in kids enhances cognitive development which is achieved when there is a continued equilibrium between assimilation ( enforcing a scheme which exists on the universe ) and adjustment ( where the scheme are modified to suit the universe ) .For illustration through pretension drama, a kid imposes mental scheme on the universe therefore assimilation and they besides observe or imitate past events or activity therefore adjustment ; drama besides facilitates creative activity of tenseness between adjustment and assimilation which contributes to development in the kid ( Coolhan K. et al. , 2000 ) . Piaget to boot suggests that when kids play with objects ( pivots ) they develop symbolic abstract ideas and they construct their cognition through societal group interaction which is internalized into idea. Fantasy drama or lone drama in babyhood become concerted and negotiated therefore lending to the societal, cognitive and emotional position ( personality ) of th e kid ( Singer et. Al. , 2006 ) . Play develops societal accomplishments in kids particularly when playing house and taking up the functions of different household members. Vygotsky cites a state of affairs of two sisters playing at being sisters. They get good behaviors and dealingss between them that are neer noticed in day-to-day life state of affairss. Therefore drama allows interaction between kids as they communicate with each other, socialise in drama and listen to thoughts of others ( Vygotsky, 1978 ) . Cooperation is besides enhanced in these kids as they discover the importance of working together and sharing the drama tools available. Incase of struggles, they are able to negociate for better continued playing. Furthermore, a socially healthy kid adjusts good in school are more likely to execute good academically ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Motor accomplishment development is enhanced by active drama activities in kids. They gravitate to physical activity when left on their ain. In drama, they perform many activities like running and leaping which leads to physical fittingness. Children who do nt play are more prone to fleshiness and many other complications. Apart from big musculus accomplishments, active drama besides enhances the development of little motor accomplishments when kids build, pigment or drama with clay. Acquisition and polish of accomplishments necessary for successful acquisition in school is via active drama ( Ginshburg K. , 2001 ) . Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory and related it to play in kids. Harmonizing to him, drama gives kids a good platform to talk out unrealized wants and helps in uncovering hidden, unconscious wants and struggles. Through drama, kids resolve tensenesss and construct their cognitive, emotional and moral facets of life therefore lending to their personality. Children initiate drama activities and through this, they are able to pass on symbolically through verbal and non verbal agencies, e.g. through such drama activities like narrative and narrative relation or those which involve delegating functions ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) Harmonizing Freud, Play in kids helps to alleviate assorted signifiers of anxiousness which include nonsubjective anxiousness, the fright of the external universe ; instinctual anxiousness ; the fright of 1s ain inherent aptitudes and the anxiousness of scruples ( ace self-importance ) . Freud farther suggests that kids during babyhood can non oppose actively and defend themselves from the outside universe either physically or by alteration harmonizing to their will. Their self-importance therefore in all sorts of ways enterprises to support itself against it by agencies of physical force or to modify it in conformity to their ain will ( Freud, 1936 ) The self-importance in kids harmonizing to Freud therefore defends itself by denial of world by phantasy, transmutation of world to accommodate ain intent and carry through ain wants and it is at this point that the kid accepts world. He suggests that kids express denial in signifier of drama utilizing word or art. He suggested that ; A little pocketbook or bantam umbrella is intended to assist a small miss to feign to be a grown-up lady.A Toy arms of assorted kinds enable a small male child to ape manhood.A Even dolls create the fiction of maternity, while trains, autos, or blocks produce in the heads of kids the agreeable phantasy that they can command the universe .A ( Freud, 1936 ) Erik Erikson derived the theory of kid development in which he suggested that development and socialisation procedures occur in specific preset phases and he focused on the societal facet of development. He divided life in eight phases each with a alone clip frame and features. Harmonizing to Erickson, each phase of development has a negative result and he termed this as an identity crisis . In Erickson s phases hence, I will concentrate on the first four phases which are important to play and the kid s societal development ( vocalist et. al. , 2006 ) Harmonizing to Erikson, satisfactory acquisition and declaration of each crisis is necessary if the kid is to pull off the following and subsequent 1s satisfactorily, merely as the foundation of a house is indispensable to the first floor, which in bend must be structurally sound to back up the 2nd floor ( vocalist et al. , 2006 ) . Erickson besides suggests that larning Trust Versus Mistrust occurs in the first one or two old ages and at this phase he asserts that if the kid is given good nurturing and love, drama is facilitated therefore trust and security is developed. On the other manus, if handled severely, insecurity and misgiving is inculcated in the kid and this bounds play activity which will subsequently attest in the kid as intervention of others with intuition and misgiving ( Smith D. , 2000 ) . The 2nd phase, Autonomy versus Shame, harmonizing to Erickson takes topographic point in early childhood, between 18 months to four old ages. The kid if good parented comes out this phase certain about himself, has elation with his control and is proud and non ashamed. If hapless parenting is given, drama activity is curbed and therefore a psychosocial crisis which encompasses a stormy kid with fits negativity and obstinacy ensues ( Hurtwitz s. , 2002 ) . This crisis is negative to play activity in the kid impacting the societal development of the kid. Harmonizing to Erickson, The 3rd phase, Initiative versus Guilt, consequences in happening of crisis during the drama age in ulterior preschool old ages. At this phase, the healthy developing child learns to conceive of drama activity and to broaden accomplishments via active drama of assorted sorts which may include phantasy. The kid besides learns to collaborate with others and to take every bit good as to follow. However if guilt is inculcated in the kid, he becomes fearful, does non take part in drama, depends unnecessarily on grownups and drama accomplishments are restricted in development and imaginativeness ( singer et al. , 2006 ) . The 4th phase as per Erickson is Industry versus Inferiority which occurs between school age and junior high school and at this phase, the kid Masterss accomplishments of life with respect to associating with other equals in conformity with regulations, go oning from free drama to play which may be structured by regulations and participates in formal teamwork e.g. baseball while prosecuting in societal surveies and arithmetic ( Alman J. , 2004 ) . Homework is necessary and self-discipline additions annually. Therefore a kid who has passed the old phases successfully through drama activity and good nurturing will be hardworking. Establishing on the above phases, Erikson perceived the universe of drama as of import to early phases of development of a kid as it offers a safe topographic point for the kid to work through his struggles for illustration kids can be seen forcing dolls in preschool in the same manner that they were pushed. They besides engage in function playing household members or other people and this frequently common. Harmonizing to Erickson, drama creates a safe universe in which effects are neither strong nor the bounds rigid. For illustration, some of the favourite things kids in preschool do include function playing, parents, instructors, monsters and wild animate beings ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Erickson hence, drama gives the kid an chance to form thoughts, phantasies and feelings in a program of drama. Therefore drama facilitates emotional development and allows geographic expedition of thoughts and relationships with less uncertainty, guilt and fake. Classical Theories of Play Harmonizing to the Surplus Energy Theory, a kid is motivated to play if he or she has a demand to let go of excess energy and drama occurs due to surplus energy which exists when kids are set free from their parents self saving activities.A Through the aimless legion drama activities, excess energy is released. However this theory does non explicate why people and kids with small energy engage in drama activities ( Ginsburg K. , 2001 ) . The relaxation theory was devised by Lazarus in 1883A and Patrick in 1916 and it plays a function in kids and is a manner of let go ofing suppressions which have accumulated from weariness as a consequence of comparatively new undertakings to kids. Therefore in kids, A Play replenishes used energy as a consequence of unfamiliar activities of knowledge that kid engages in. Harmonizing to the relaxation theory, kids and other people play because they need to loosen up and be off from normal life s emphasiss ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . The readying Theory ( Instinct/Practice ) on the other manus suggests that drama prepares kids for grownup life through instruction: e.g. through such activities as squad work and function playing activities ( James et al ) . The palingenesis theory perceives hat activities which re-enact events from history are per se honoring e.g. hunting, throwing games, fell and seek and chasing. However, many of these activities do non reflect history ( Hurtzwitz, S. , 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the Cathartic Theory, kids play because of the demand of look of disorganised and painful emotions in a mode which is harmless. For illustration, kids may re-enact their penalties e.g. by call on the carpeting a doll. Children can let go of and finish antecedently restrained feelings by playing e.g. , spliting balloons, thumping clay, or pluging an hyperbolic bunching bag ) ( Schaefer, 1999 ) . This sort of emotional release is of import in psychotherapeutics ( Ginsberg, 1993 ) . The Compensation Theory perceives play in kids occurs to fulfill the psychic demands through their work e.g. drilling and insistent activity. However, this theory does non to the full account for the motive to play. Children who may desire to hit their friends because of choler can airt this action into drama utilizing war-like board games ( cheat, draughtss ) , card games ( war ) , or competitory athleticss activities ( Almon J. , 2004 ) . Some of the modern and station modern theories of drama which have been formulated include: Competence/Effectance Theory which perceives Humans as being out to seek and optimise their rousing degrees. This is due to the demand to bring forth interactions with the environment i.e. from kid to grownup. Harmonizing to this theory, arousal optimisation and demand for interaction with the environment leads to an consequence which gives kids a feeling of competency and is honoring to them. Though this theory accounts for general motive, it can non divide drama from work ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . A A Harmonizing to the Pre-Exercise Theory developed by Groos ( 1898 ) , drama in kids is a necessary pattern for indispensable behaviour in ulterior endurance. Thus the playful tactics for illustration contending carnal games or the unsmooth drama of kids are the portraiture of accomplishments which will help in their endurance and get bying later in life ( singer et al. , 2006 ) . Other theories include the palingenesis theory by G Stanley Hall ( 1906 ) and Wundt ( 1913 ) which perceives drama non as an activity which necessitates future instinctual accomplishments but serve to alleviate kids of unneeded familial instinctual accomplishments carried.A Harmonizing to this theory, Each kid passes through a series of drama phases matching to and recapitulating the cultural phases in the development of the race .A A Appleton in 1919 devised the growing theory which define drama as a response to generalise growing thrust in kids and ease the command of accomplishments which aid them in grownup map. A On the other manus, the Ego Expanding theories were developed by Lange in 1902 and Claparde in 1911 and they perceived drama as the manner of nature to finish the self-importance and thereby organizing the personality of the person in footings of knowledge, societal and other accomplishments ( Ginsberg K. , 2001 ) . A Harmonizing to childish kineticss by Lewin, drama takes topographic point as a consequence of the kid s cognitive life infinite which is unstructured thereby doing failure to distinguish existent and unreal.A Therefore, in Lewin s theory, the kid alterations into a behaviour of playful unreality in which things can be changed and are arbitrary ( singer et al. , 2006 ) . A Buytendijk devised another current theory of drama in which he suggested that the kid plays because he is a kid and because his cognitive kineticss do non let for any other manner of acting ( Smith D, 1995 ) therefore it expresses uncoordinated attack to the environment that the kid develops. A The Cathartic Theory ( Freud 1908 ) , perceives play as stand foring an effort to partially fulfill thrusts or work out struggles where the agencies for making so lacks in the kid therefore a kid has temporarily worked through a thrust through drama hence impermanent declaration to the thrust. Among the modern and station modern theories is besides the Psychoanalytic Theory by Buhler ( 1930 ) and Anna Freud ( 1937 ) . They suggested that drama in kids does non merely stand for wish-fulfilling efforts but besides attempts to get by with anxiousness arousing state of affairss which may overpower the kid therefore harmonizing to Freud and Buhler, drama in kids is both defensive and adaptative to cover with anxiousness ( Singer et al. , 2006 ) . Other current theories are Piagets cognitive theory which has been explained in the earlier phases of this paper. Play does non merely advance normal kid development, but besides helps them cover with experiences bing in the environment. Children who lack verbal ego look are able to joint their feeling and issues through drama ( Haworth, 1964 ) . Play acts as a agency of assisting kids trade with emotional and behavioural issues. In therapy for illustration, plaything and drama stuffs are provided to inform the kid that that infinite and clip is different from all others and that the kid should experience free to be to the full themselves ( James et al ) ) . The kid so plays out concerns and issues, which may be excessively hideous or anxiousness bring forthing to straight face them in the presence of anybody who can assist them to experience heard and understood. Symbolic representations through drama activities with dolls and marionettes give kids emotional distance from emotionally attached experiences, ideas and feelings ( Coolhan K. et al. , 2000 ) . Play is besides used to suppress fright in kids and therefore gaiety in kids dispels depression and emphasis ( Coolhan K. et al. , 2000 ) . Therefore leting a kid to play hide-and-seek in a darkened room can assist in suppressing fright of the dark. Furthermore, dramatic drama with hospital-related playthings can assist to significantly cut down hospital-specific frights. At the same clip, Fantasy drama helps a kid to travel from a passive to an active function for illustration when a kid engages in role-playing giving an injection to a doll patient. Fantasy drama in kids besides fosters the look of several defence mechanisms like projection, supplanting, repeat, and designation ( James et al ) . In every bit much as Play contributes to the cognitive, societal, emotional and mental wellbeing of kids, free clip for kids to prosecute in playing has been greatly reduced by technological development which has brought factors such as hurried life style, alterations in household construction, and increased attending to faculty members and enrichment ( Hurtwitz S. , 2002 ) . Childs who are under forced labor and development are non able to acquire clip and freedom to play. In the current universe, there are issues like war and vicinity force in which instance kids are non able to play due insecurity. Children from poorness stricken places have no resources that facilitate safe playing. However, even those kids from good off households with equal resources may non be profiting from drama due to an progressively hurried and pressured life style that prevent them from protected self-driven drama ( Almon et al. , 2004 ) . Many kids due to engineering are presently acquiring less clip for free exploratory drama because they are hurried to accommodate into big functions and their hereafter functions at immature stamp ages ( James et al ) . Parents are misled with carefully marketed messages that theoretical account parents expose their kids to every chance available to progress hence they go on purchasing many enrichment tools to guarantee their kids take portion in many activities alternatively of free exploratory drama. Some kids may be given specialised books and toys meant to excite them to develop adequately while others are provided with gyms and enrichment plans after school ( Ginsberg K. , 2007 ) . Many of these tools and plans are available and extremely advertised to parents who believed they are necessary for good development of their kids. Therefore in many occasions, much of the clip is spent forming for particular events or taking kids to those events which besides deplete the household s fiscal resources. Free self-driven drama which is of import to kids is replaced by extremely packed adult-supervised or adult-driven activities, and this limits creativeness in kids ( vocalist et al. , 2006 ) . In add-on, this hurried lifestyle brings emphasis and anxiousness related upsets like depression for some kids. Increased force per unit area to execute good in faculty members perchance manifests in school turning away and bodily symptoms. The decrease in drama may besides be due to inactive amusement via telecasting or computer/video games. In contrast to the wellness benefits of active, originative drama and the known developmental benefits organized activities, there is ample grounds that this inactive amusement is non healthy and has harmful effects ( Smith D. , 1995 ) . In other instances, kids who are exposed to pictures and computing machine plans at an early age get addicted to TVs, Computers ( laptops ) where they engage in computing machine games or chew the fating via cyberspace and other staffs most of the clip, and for such kids, their creativeness and motor accomplishments is normally low ( Coolhan K. et Al, 2000 ) . It has been established that increased attending on faculty members and other enrichment activities by kids plus the household due to the effects of engineering and modernism has replaced kids s drama. After school kids seldom get clip to play. Alternatively they are forced to sit at the tabular array and finish their prep given in school. At the same clip, their parents put on them force per unit area to analyze extensively burying to save any small clip for drama ( Ginsberg K. , 2001 ) . In add-on, schoolchildren are allocated less free clip and fewer physical mercantile establishments at school ; for illustration in the U.S.A, many school territories respond to the No Child Left Behind Act of 200137 by cut downing clip committed to recess, the originative humanistic disciplines, and even physical instruction in an attempt to concentrate on reading and mathematics. Due to engineering, the art of edifice besides does non prefer drama in kids and this tendency affects the societal and emotional development of kids. Furthermore, many after-school kid attention plans prefer an extension of faculty members and prep completion over organized and free playas good every bit physical activity. In decision, play by and large affects the ability to hive away new information in kids since their cognitive capacity is developed by a important alteration in activity. A alteration in activity does non intend in academic direction, category subject or formal structured physical instruction category but purely free-play deferral ( Coolhan K.et al. , 2000 ) . Less clip for drama in schools may be lending to discordant academic abilities between male childs and misss. This is because schools with sedentary acquisition manners have become a hard topographic point for male childs to last successfully ( Almon J. , 2004 ) .

Outlining and Writing an Analytical Essay

Outlining and Writing an Analytical Essay A blank page is every writers enemy. Whether youre a professional writer or a rookie at the task, the blank page is intimidating- especially when youre assigned an analytical essay. Thats why an outline is a writers best friend, even if youre only a writer for the day. By using an outline, you have a place to start and a format to follow. Not writing an analytical essay? This outline will still do most of the hard work for you in the writing process.What is an analytical essay?An analytical essay is an essay that specifically analyzes a document, which is generally textual or visual media. It concentrates on how something is done, specifically how a text is written or how a work is made. It can go by different names, such as Rhetorical Analysis or Critical Essay, but its important to remember that an analytical essay is not a summary and it is not an argumentative essay. You are not trying to convince anyone to change his or her mind. You are explaining how an author or creator portr ayed an aspect of his or her work.For example, you could write an analytical essay about how George Lucas used color to reflect a characters innocence in the original Star Wars trilogy. This will lead you to analyzing different colors the main characters are wearing, such as black, white, gray, brown, or a mixture. Once you conduct the research to gain a thorough understanding of the topic, you can begin using the outline to shape your essay.What does an analytical essay look like?An analytical essay is basically an expanded five-paragraph essay containing an introduction, body, and conclusion, with specific components required for each section.Basic outline of an Analytical Essay.IntroductionThe introductions significance in any essay shouldnt be underestimated. Your first goal in writing it is attracting the readers interest with a hook. Then, you should use it to lay the groundwork for what is to come, plainly state your thesis, and provide a brief explanation of what evidence yo u found to help you arrive at that thesis.Your introduction should have three parts:The hookThe hook is the very first sentence in your essay and has a simple yet important role of hooking your readers into reading further. Often, the hook is a great place to add background details that will interest your readers, such as a statistic or anecdote. You could also pose a question, state relevant facts, or introduce controversy.Many writers often find it easier to determine the hook after everything else is written. By doing so, you have a more complete view of your essay and can find a fitting hook that encapsulates it in its entirety.For example, if you were writing the Star Wars-based analysis that was proposed earlier, you could say:Black and white are often colors portraying good and evil throughout literature and film, and the original Star Wars trilogy was not exempt from this visual symbolism.This example introduces the essay topic of visual symbolism and explains the background of color symbolism in texts and media. Once these things are firmly established, you are ready to propose your thesis.The thesis statementThe thesis statement is the most important sentence in your entire essay because it narrows your broad topic into a specific purpose. Writing a strong thesis will also help you to outline the rest of your essay and to tell your reader what to expect.How do you write a great, cohesive thesis statement? You do it by combining the goal of your essay with your analysis, and how youre going to back it up.Returning to our Star Wars analytical essay example:George Lucas uses color to reflect a characters innocence and characterization in the original Star Wars trilogy through dressing innocent characters in white, those on the dark side in all black, and neutral characters in both black and white.SupportIn every five-paragraph essay, you need to include a brief statement of supporting facts as part of the thesis statement to show how you are going to ba ck up your thesis. Keep in mind that in longer essays, the thesis statement may be more than one sentence. In these cases, each supporting fact may have its own sentence or sentences. Please note that these supporting facts must be further detailed in the rest of your essay.It does not matter how many supporting facts your essay has or how many paragraphs go into each reason in the body of the essay. This is dependent on what you need to say, how in-depth the essay should be, and if the essay has a required length. Remember that every supporting fact mentioned in your thesis should be included in further detail within the body of your essay.BodyThe body is the framework or support structure for your thesis statement, and will be a significant part of your essays word count. However, dont attempt to make the body one big section; it can be broken down into mini sections and paragraphs to make it more logical and readable. These mini sections are dependent on the supporting facts you are using to back up your thesis statement. If your analytical essay uses a five-paragraph essay model, then each supporting fact (or mini section) should be one paragraph long.Additionally, each paragraph should have four components:ClaimEvidenceConnectionTransitionHowever, if the essay is longer than a traditional five-paragraph essay, each supporting fact will be more than one paragraph long, but each paragraph should still contain the four components.ClaimA claim is the topic sentence for the paragraph, and usually opens it. Often, it is a reworded version of a supporting fact from the thesis, but in longer essays it may be something else. For our example topic, you might write:Lucas often dresses his innocent characters in white clothing.This would tell the reader that the rest of the paragraph would be about Star Wars characters who wore white.EvidenceEvidence is what supports your claim and thesis through details of information youve gleaned while researching. This is the mea t of your essay and will provide a solid framework for your thesis.As an example for our topic, you might write:In Return of the Jedi, Luke wears black, as he confronts the truth about his father.ConnectionThe connection, or the why, is what follows a piece of evidence. You should never use a quote, paraphrase, or example without explaining why it is important. This connection is what ties the evidence and claim together to make a cohesive analysis.For our example topic, you might draw a connection this way:This signifies that Luke was allowing the dark side to influence his thoughts and actions.TransitionAfter you have connected your evidence and claim, you are ready to move on to the next claim or paragraph. To do so, you must include a logical transition. This transition can be at the end of your prior paragraph, or at the beginning of the new one, depending on the flow of your paragraphs.In our example, we might use the following as a transition at the beginning of the next para graph.Likewise, we see Anakin under this same dark influence when he first appears in the color black.ConclusionThe conclusion is the final punch of your analytical essay. This is where you will wrap up your essay, restate your main points, and often reword your thesis with the understanding that the reader has seen your evidence. This is the last thing your reader will read, so make it powerful.For our example topic, you might write something like this:Throughout Star Wars, visual symbolism reflects a characters personality and innocence to the reality of the evil in the world. Often, characters who wore white, such as Luke and Leia, were portrayed as innocent in comparison to Darth Vader, who wore black. To show this, as Luke became more aware of evil, Lucas moved his costume through a color scheme of white to neutral and finally to black, as a reflection of his loss of innocence. Lucas uses this powerful visual technique to represent a characters journey symbolically.After workin g through the various components of an analytical essay, the actual writing process should go smoothly (and quickly!). In fact, the components of the essay dont even have to be written in chronological order once youve written a solid introduction with a good thesis, and have researched the topic thoroughly.

Dance history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance history - Assignment Example Sergei Diaghilev, the Great Russian impresario, is responsible for the commissioning of avant-garde musical artists into creating designs stage and costumes. He first settled in France where he formed a dance company called ‘Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo’ (Carter 17). His ballet dance is presented as one of the initial moves that avant-garde composers, writers, and painters join forces in creating a ballet. The revelation in this case is that Cunningham is both a great collaborator and a terrific partner in dancing. Further, the collaborative process continues changing as he ages and the physical limitations hit in (Carter 34). Other than originating their choreography through living and breathing dancers, they formulate dances through the manipulation of onscreen and computer-generated individuals. Many audiences feel that such a retreat across the direct involvement adds a level of difficulty to Cunninghams ballet collaborative process. In the original Rite of Spring by Nijinsky, the primary emphasis of the classical ballet dancer is on aspects of legwork even as there is simultaneous maintenance of upright carriage. For Cunningham’s Camera Beachbirds, the aspect begins presenting how Cunningham is utilizing elements regarding the expressive and the classical. Cunningham broadens this scope of expressive upper body of the dancer while integrating the motions with the footwork for classical ballet dancers. In Rite of Spring by Tero Saarinen, a number of dancers are within their initial studio areas as they turn or jump in place. Subsequent dancers run in alternate directions based on the stationary dancers while running and skipping across studio space (Carter 23). Within a number of specified points, there are elements of dancing looking similar to the previous pirouettes. In other of his pieces, Cunningham’s dancers develop extensive lateral movements that cover major areas for stage space as they both walk and run. Cunningham also

Petterson Mound Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Petterson Mound - Term Paper Example C. (Davis & Treganza 1959: 5). A mound, which is known as an ancient Indian habitation site, appeared on the early map of San Francisco Bay area at location Ala-328. However, archeologists usually fail to establish whether the map location represents site Ala-328 or Ala-329 (Davis & Treganza 1959: 6). The Patterson Mound No. 1 is located on a piece of land owned by Mr. William Patterson, in Alameda County, due south of Alvarado town. The size of Mound is approximately 350 feet along the north-south axis, and it is ovoid in shape (Davis & Treganza 1959: 4). It has a known depth of 13 feet near its center. This piece of land extends from a flat alluvial plain, which is six feet above the sea level, and reaches a height of 15 and half feet above the sea-level (Davis & Treganza 1959: 4). The previous height above the sea-level has been significantly reduced due to the intensive cultivation, rodent activity, root crops and farm machinery. Patterson Mound covers an area that is slightly di fferent from other sites along the shore of San Francisco because of its relatively low content of soft-shelled clams (oyster), which is believed to be as a result of marshy slough (Davis & Treganza 1959: 4). ... Several burials and artifacts such as eye bone needle, thatching needle, fiber-strippers, antler digging tool, antler haft, pitted cobble, pecking stone, abrading stone, mussel shell spoon, whale bone object, sharpened elk ulna, drilled canine tibia, backed clay, scrapers and choppers were excavated from the site since 1935 (Davis & Treganza 1959: 27, 38). For instance, about 1000 artifacts and 169 burials have been recovered, with only about 20 percent of the site having been excavated (Davis & Treganza 1959: 12). Moreover, about 2000 artifacts and 260 burials had been recovered, by 1958, with only 25 percent of the site having been dug. Research Question This research method aims at establishing the correlation between material remains such as shells, stones, bones, and other preserved remains, and human migrations, culture growth and change, environmental impacts on cultural growth, and other aspects of human activities around San Francisco Bay area at location Ala-328. Data Requi red for Analysis Measurements: it is necessary to quantify different parameters of artifacts such as length, width, height, density, mass, and weight, including texture and color to collect valid information about burials and artifacts (Ferguson 2010: 12). Additionally, measurements within the Patterson Mound area are also significant, and it include calculating areas of separated fields, strata heights in accordance to the sea level (HASL) and relating HASL to retrieved artifacts. Association: This information is of significance in understanding cultural interactions within a given archeological site because it related the excavated artifacts to its environment (Ferguson 2010: 12). It also involves the classification of artifacts into different groups based on their

Review On The Banc One Finance Essay

Review On The Banc One Finance Essay Banc One was founded in 1863 and headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. The bank has accumulated a total of $76.5 billion assets and produced revenues of $4.3 billion by 1994, being the 8th largest in the country. Banc One can be seen as a three tiered organisation. The first tier controlling five state banks and holding 42 subsidiaries, the second being a regional affiliate group and holding 36 subsidiaries and finally ten non-banking organizations, varying from insurance to data processing. Its parent company employed around 100 workers, of which 12 were working in the Asset and Liability management which is going to be explored in this report. (Kusy et al., 1986) How does Banc One manage its interest rate exposure? In this question it will be necessary to determine how Banc One hedges itself against changes in interest rate levels and what the possible risks it faces from such changes. As a foreword, it has to be understood that if a bank was to be perfectly matched in terms of its assets and liabilities, then any change in the interest rates would have offsetting impacts on both the asset and liability side. Hence the bank would never feel the effect of changing interest rates. However, in a real world situation, especially for a bank this size with its big asset and liability portfolio (assets $76.5 billion), it is quite impossible to be perfectly matched, nevertheless this must be attempted. (Saunders et al., 2006) Prior to 1980, Banc One was seen to be improperly measuring its interest rate exposure by trying to add assets to its investment portfolio until it was felt that the fixed rate investments offset the fixed rate liabilities. As well as to this, they were evading long term investments, in the belief that such prolonged investments will bring pointless risks to its investment portfolio. (Esty et al., 1994) By 1980, when the second oil shock hit hard and volatility exceeded in the market, Banc One finally understood that they have to adhere to the task of measuring their interest rate risk due to some investments bringing losses to the organization. Hence in 1981, they started measuring their maturity gap, which grouped all of its assets and liabilities into categories, adjusted to their repricing-adjusted maturities (amount of time an interest rate remains fixed on a contract). The repricing-adjusted maturities was split (12 months) and a value of assets minus liabilities derived to. This was a key figure for the bank to understand their net interest margin, i.e. interest rate received on assets minus interest paid on liabilities and therefore earnings. This was great for the bank to play around with and to understand how interest rate changes could affect its earnings. However, a problem was faced, which was that this task was far too time consuming, taking a year to produce a single gap management report which by the time of publishing would be out of date already. (Esty et al., 1994) In the same year, Banc One was generating 13% in money market short-medium term investments, 21% in longer-term securities, such as municipal bonds, which had a larger spread due to no tax incurred. As of 1984, Banc One started using asset and liability simulations to improve its prediction for interest rate exposure. By indicating the exact asset and liability portfolios they were able to estimate how interest rate changes would affect their earnings. The procedure was that, firstly, a so called online balance sheet was created that contained the most recent information on its assets and liabilities, for example key features of each contract, the principal amounts, interest rates, maturity dates and amortization of assets and liabilities, as well as historic information. Finally, when the model was complete, they could simulate how an interest rate change would affect its balance sheet and earnings. These predictions were being run monthly and outcomes helped the bank to make changes in its interest rate positions. It was later developed further by introducing an automatic system which would download all of the available loans and deposits on each customer to derive to a better prediction on the banks exposure to interest rates. What role do derivatives play in its interest rate management? Banc One has been seen to start using interest rate swaps from the 1980s. An interest rate swap is an agreement between two counterparties in which one party swaps its fixed payment interest stream with the other party for a floating payment stream that is linked to an interest rate benchmark, usually being the LIBOR. From 1983, Banc one began using interest rate swaps, the procedure was that first they bought municipal bonds and received a 9.5% yield, after which entered into an interest rate swap which paid a fixed rate of 7% (LIBOR) and hence received a net position of LIBOR +2.5%. However, using interest rate swaps has caused some of the financial data to be distorted, for example if the derivatives were included in the balance sheet then their margin would have been 1.31% lower and their return on assets lowered by 0.2%. After they have started using interest rate swaps, it was seen that they would depend more on large short-term borrowings, also the swap positions affected the amount of risk-adjusted capital they held. The impact was also seen on the net interest margin, as well as the return on assets and equity. The bank presented a set of financials and compared these to two twin banks. One, which was exactly the same as Banc One except that it brought its swaps onto the balance sheet by replacing the notional principal of its receive-fixed swaps with investments in fixed-rate securities funded by variable-rate borrowings. This bank would differ in its accounting performance, dependence on large liabilities, and capital levels. First, swaps improved Banc Ones liquidity. They also freed up capital for short term investment which provided cash when needed to repay liabilities such as CD withdraws. Second, the off-balance sheet accounting of swaps increased ROA and ROE. The receive fix rate swaps did not appear as an asset or a liability, but were disclosed in footnotes to the financial statements. Yet gains and losses would still be placed on the income statement. If the bank were to use a traditional hedge, buying a fixed rate bond and selling a floating rate security both would appear on the balance sheet: the net result being to lower traditional profitability measures. Finally, the stress over meeting the minimum capital requirements was deduced as swaps did not use much capital. They started using swaps instead of conventional fixed-rate investments. swaps were attractive investments that lowered the banks exposure to movements in interest rates. Instead of investing in medium-term U.S. Treasury obligations, it could simply enter into a medium-term receive-fixed swap and put its money into short-term floating-rate cash equivalents. Interest rate swap in which it paid a floating rate of interest and received a fixed rate in return this would increase a banks fixed-rate inflows and reduce its periodic floating rate inflows The second would invest in floating-rate loans and investments (instead of fixed-rate investments) and in floating-rate assets financed by floating-rate deposits (instead of swaps). This bank did not manage its interest rate sensitivity. exposure to interest rate risk is determined by simulating the impact of the prospective changes in interest rates in the results of operations. Management seeks to insure that over a one year period, net income will to be impacted by more than 4 percent and 9 percent by a gradual change in market interest rates of 1 percent and 2 percent, respectively. The chief Investment Officer did not understand why everyone was unhappy about swaps which was an investment which lowered the banks exposure to movements in interest rates and in 1993, they held a In 1993, a meeting took place after the $10 drop in Banc Ones stock price. Banc one did not understand why everyone was criticizing their use of derivatives (swaps). Many of the investors and market players did not really understand how to use swaps and thought that this was a risky investment, however Banc One grasped this investment style and was using it very well to their own advantage in their asset and liability management. The bank was faced with three options. First, not to do anything and hope that share price will recover over time as investors would realised that derivatives were helping the bank manage interest rate and basis risk. Second, they could reduce their derivative position. Thirdly, they could attempt to educate investors about the use of derivatives by showing more of their positions. None of these three is what Banc One decided on, what they did was create a financial summary and presented it to the market presented on the next slide. Swaps instead of investing in medium term US treasury obligations it would enter into a medium term receive-fixed swap and put its money into short term floating rate cash equivalents. (this way they improved liquidity with stable principal values; also swaps are off-balance sheet transactions for receive-fixed swap this way banks return on assets would be overstated; also swaps reduce the amount of capital needed to meet regulatory requirements) Why is Banc One liability-sensitive? In the 1980s Banc One was seen to be asset sensitive which was mostly to do with its acquisition scheme, where their acquired portfolio reached more than 75 banks which were all high asset sensitive banks. Asset sensitivity is the name given to a position where the deposit (liability) is fixed, whilst the loan (asset) might be changing. In the 90s, this has changed and the bank seemed to have turned liability-sensitive due to the use of interest rate swaps in which a floating rate was paid and a fixed rate in return was received. These transactions were giving the impression on the balance sheet that the bank was earning a floating rate liability and at the same time investing into a fixed rate asset. Banc One, being a liability sensitive bank, indicates that their loans (assets) are fixed, whilst the deposit (liability) is moving up or down. Therefore only a drop in interest rate will bring a higher net interest margin, as the spread between the fixed deposit and the floating dropped loan would widen, creating more profit for the bank. However if an interest rate rise was to incur, then this would mean that its floating rate payments would alter its financial data by boosting the interest expense, and with interest income staying on the same level this would set Banc One as a liability sensitive bank. Should it be liability-sensitive? Banc One has turned liability-sensitive as it may have been anticipating that the interest rates would drop and thus profit could have been made, as is shown in the liability sensitive bank table in the last column where the interest rate has dropped. However, if their prediction is wrong and the interest rate goes up then they will make a loss, as shown in the same table, column 3 from left. A bank can restructure its position whichever way it wants, if a bank bets that interest rates will go up then it could turn asset sensitive and fix its deposits (liabilities) and use a floating rate for their loans (assets) in order to make profits. For a bank which bets the opposite, a liability sensitive position can be taken by using the same method described as for the asset sensitive, just reversed, such that was taken by Banc One. From the graph shown below (Interest Rate and Spreads) it is now clear why Banc One has become liability-sensitive from its previous position. This is due to the fact that prior to the 90s the bank would fix its deposits, either using the LIBOR 3 month or the 2 year US Treasury, however then it was more preferable to lock the deposits in the 3 month LIBOR as the rate was lower and a more liquid position could have been sustained. However, after the drop in the rates in 1984-1986 and 1989 and thereafter Banc One would have been facing problems if to continue sustaining its position at the fixed deposit level, as the loans were under the deposit level and the bank could not get out of its obligatory 3 month or 2 year position. Therefore it started using swaps, and with undertaking swaps, this has reversed its position to swapping its loans from floating to becoming fixed, as they received a fixed return or with deposits becoming floating, as they paid a floating amount, whichever was m ore preferable. In Banc Ones case it seemed that swapping the fixed deposit, into a floating deposit would be viable as they had to get out of a loss making position, if the market was dropping. Deriving from the above mentioned, Banc One should be liability-sensitive in the case where it is making a loss on its current positions due to changing interest rates and thus utilising a swap, however its original positions undertaken in the beginning (before the interest rate moved out of favour) might be still as of an asset-sensitive bank, therefore it can be said that swaps distort the banks image. (Esty et al., 1994) References Esty B., Tufano P., Headley J., (1994). Banc One Corporation, Asset and Liability Management, Harvard Business School. Saunders A., Cornett M. M, (2006). Financial Institutions Management: A Risk Management Approach, McGraw-Hill. Kusy M.I., Ziemba W. T., (May-June 1986). Operations Research, A Bank Asset and Liability Management Model, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 356-376, Informs. Bitner J. W., Goddard R. A., (1992). Successful bank asset/liability management: a guide to the future beyond gap, John Wiley Sons.

Fear and Redemption in Cry the Beloved Country :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Fear and Redemption in Cry the Beloved Country Fear grips all black societies and is widespread not only for black people but also white people. An unborn child will inherit this fear and will be deprived of loving and relishing his country because the greater he loves his country the greater will be his pain. Paton shows us this throughout this book but at the same time he also offers deliverance from this pain. This, I believe is the greater purpose of this book. When Stephen goes to Johannesburg he has a childlike fear for "the great city" Johannesburg. Khumalo's fears of his family are exactly the same as every other black person in South Africa. In the train he is afraid of living in a world not made for him. He opens his bible and starts reading it, this is one of Khumalo's great sources of alleviation. Gertrude is frightened that her life will now be exposed to her brother who is a priest. She is redeemed from this fear when she prays with Stephen. Stephen experiences great pain and fear during his search for Absalom, Msimangu comforts him, he gains comfort when plays with Gertrude's son, when he thinks of Ndotsheni, his wife and of rebuilding his home it consoles him. We also learn of white people's fear of native crime in the city. Absalom's girlfriend is afraid that he has deserted her. She gains comfort from Stephen. In his own pain and suffering he has the ability to comfort her, this is one of Stephen's admirable qualities. When Stephen realises that the police are searching for Absalom, he starts trembling and turns cold with fear. Msimangu and his bible comfort him. Msimangu takes him to Ezenzeleni where he is spiritually uplifted. When Absalom is asked why did he shoot Arthur he says that he was afraid. Msimangu, Mrs Lithebe, Mr Carmicheal and Father Vincent ease Stephens fear of Absalom's case and expenses in Johannesburg. This is very comforting for Stephen, we remember Mrs Lithebe's words "for what else are we born" and there are some white men who do care. We also learn of James Jarvis's (he was a British white) suffering and fear, he is comforted by an Afrikaner policeman who went out of his way to help him, he is also comforted when he reads Arthur's manuscripts.

Do environmentalists overstate their

Do Environmentalists Overstate Their Case? The very interesting article â€Å"Do Environmentalists Overstate Their Case? † is included in an academic book â€Å"Taking sides†. In the article writer provides articles for and against the motion. Both the sides are well addressed and are very convincing. However, I personally think that, environmentalists do overstate their case. According to environmentalists the world is going to hell in a handbasket but I disagree with the statement because Various individuals organizations and nations re taking initiatives to improve the condition of the environment.Like for instance, according to the article published in Japan Times in Feb 23, 2013, Tokyo and Beijing are cooperating to decrease the air pollution and it's menace. Similarly, according to article published in Delhi(lndia) government site various steps have been taken to reduce pollution like: ban of vehicles older than 15 years, ban in vehicles driven in conventional fue ls etc. These rules are being effectively implemented though transportation enforcement team.These are few among many examples of initiatives taken to improve the environment thus world is definitely getting better and not worse in days to come. Furthermore, environmentalists are focusing too much on environmental degradation and totally ignoring about the improvement in environmental condition. They fail to address the cases of environmental improvement. For example: according to â€Å"The economist† in the article â€Å"The east is gray† America and Europe combined are cutting down their emissions by 60m tones a year in spite of increase in industrial activities.The above shown chart as published by world bank clearly shows that sulphur- dioxide concentration in all the major places are in decreasing trend. These are some of the facts that environmentalists forget to mention. Most importantly environmentalists have to understand that environment is a dynamic and not static. If it's degraded today, it can always get better tomorrow. We don't really have to make a fuss out of it and exaggerate to the extent that it makes people panic. We can also notice it in our real lives that the environment is actually dynamic.For example: My father told me that â€Å"The Bagmati river† which is one of the most important river of my country Nepal was very clean when he was a child. However, as a child I saw only the polluted version the river. But, as the time passed by various measures were taken to clean up the river. At local level people started cleaning it up and at national level various policies were set up. Now, I can see it for myself that the river is cleaner than it used to be. Similarly, the western countries have followed the pattern of â€Å"grow first, clean up later†.During the process of development and progress the environment is affected adversely. However, later they take the initiatives and clean up the environment. In this way, the environment is changing, sometimes for bad and sometimes for good. Thus, environmental degradation is not a big issue. TO the environment is improving every passing day. The government policies and rules indicate that, the statistics proves that and our own experiences assures the point.

The New World A Clash of Cultures - 1571 Words

The New World: A Clash of Cultures. It all started with the Scandinavians who discovered native peoples in North America around A.D. 1000. Short lived as their stay was, this would be the beginning of a very violent and dangerous path for the Native American people. Spain, France, and England would follow the Vikings lead nearly 500 years later and the clash of cultures began. America was appealing to these European nations because of the desire to expand their countries power, the natural resources this new world offered and for some, religious freedom. The Europeans brought with them livestock, plant life, disease, and often times an attitude of superiority to these primitive native peoples. All of the aforementioned would forever†¦show more content†¦The livestock that included horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs were changing the ecology and landscape as well. The livestock were loosed to graze on grasses; they trampled the grass, which destroyed the land as well as the inland native peoples crops. Pigs were destroying the clam and mussel banks that the coastal Indians relied upon as part of their diet (Calloway, 2012, p. 83). The whole environment was changing. Where the Indians showed stewardship of the land, the Europeans ravished the land and consequently destroyed the Indians way of life. The Europeans put forth a very clear message that there was no room for the Indians way of life. Their way was much more civilized and the Indians would have to submit or be ravished just as the land was. The Europeans were taking the native peoples land and ultimately their freedom. The Spaniards had very specific plans of taking the land and making the Indians their subjects. The goal was gold and God. 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